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- Eurocode 1 - Actions on buildings
- Eurocode 3 - Steel structures
- Eurocode 5 - Timber structures
Each country has set characteristic snow loads on the ground for each portion of its territory. The division is usually specified in the national annex of Eurocode 1 part 1-3.
Each country has set fundamental value of the basic wind velocity for each portion of its territory. The reference velocity corresponds to the average wind velocity over 10 minutes, measured at 10m above ground level on an 'open country' site with a return period of 50 years. The division is usually specified in the national annex of Eurocode 1 part 1-4.
Each country has set reference peak ground acceleration on type A ground for each portion of its territory. The type A ground has a stratigraphic profile like rock or other rock-like geological formation, including at most 5m of weaker material at the surface. The division is usually specified in the national annex of Eurocode 8 part 1-1.
First, you need to calculate the value of snow on the ground at the relevant site :
Then, you can take into account the annual probability of exceedence by calculating the ground snow load with a return period equivalent to the design working life of your building.
For the calculation of wind actions, only a few wind directions are considered; for example the normal directions to the facades in the case of buildings.
In cases of very low seismicity, the provisions of Eurocode 8 need not be observed.
It is recommended to consider as very low seismicity cases either those in which the design ground acceleration on type A ground, ag = γI . agr, is not greater than 0.39m/s2, or those where the product agS is not greater than 0.49m/s2.
The seismic zones, the agr values and the chosen method may be found in national Annexes or in the law specific to each country. §3.2.1(5)
(Description of type A ground: Rock or other rock-like geological formation, including at most 5m of weaker Inaterial at the surface)
Coordinates | 6.9536° 43.4972° | 6.9455° 43.4994° | 6.9455° 43.4994° | 6.9368° 43.5019° |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elevations | 9m | 244m | 244m | 54m |
Obstacle effective height H | 235m | 190m | ||
Slope actual length Lu / Ld | 698.4m | 754.4m | ||
Slope angle Φ | 33.7% | 25.2% | ||
Horizontal distance site/top x | 483.1m | |||
Elevation at the place of construction | 58m |
Sectors | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | IIIb | 0 | 0 | IIIb |
Sectors | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sector definition | from 330° to 60° | from 60° to 150° | from 150° to 240° | from 240° to 330° |
Fundamental value of the basic wind velocity vb,0 | 24.0m/s | |||
Shape parameter K | 0.2 | |||
Exponent n | 0.5 | |||
Annual probability of exceedence p | 0.02 | |||
Probability factor cprob | 1.0 | |||
Directional factor cdir | 1.0 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 1.0 |
Basic wind velocity vb | 24.0m/s | 20.4m/s | 20.4m/s | 24.0m/s |
Reference roughness length z0,II | 0.05m | |||
Roughness length z0 | 0.5m | 0.005m | 0.005m | 0.5m |
Terrain factor kr | 0.223 | 0.162 | 0.162 | 0.223 |
Height above ground z | 8.0m | |||
Minimum height zmin | 9.0m | 1.0m | 1.0m | 9.0m |
Roughness factor cr(z) | 0.645 | 1.193 | 1.193 | 0.645 |
Obstacle type | isolated hills | |||
Exposure type | - | upwind | - | downwind |
Factor depending on the type and dimensions of the obstacle s max | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
Orography factor* co(z) | 1.0 | 1.235 | 1.0 | 1.112 |
Mean wind velocity vm(z) | 15.5m/s | 30.1m/s | 24.3m/s | 17.2m/s |
Turbulence factor kl | 0.923 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.923 |
Standard deviation of the turbulence σv | 4.943m/s | 3.299m/s | 3.299m/s | 4.943m/s |
Turbulence intensity Iv(z) | 0.319 | 0.11 | 0.136 | 0.287 |
Air density ρ | 1.225kg/m3 | |||
Exposure factor ce(z) | 1.347 | 3.84 | 2.774 | 1.55 |
Peak velocity pressure qp(z) | 475.1N/m2 | 978.9N/m2 | 707.1N/m2 | 546.7N/m2 |
Peak wind velocity for Serviceability Limit States vp(z),SLS | 100.3km/h | 143.9km/h | 122.3km/h | 107.6km/h |
Peak wind velocity for Ultimate Limit States vp(z),ULS | 122.8km/h | 176.3km/h | 149.8km/h | 131.7km/h |